![]() Nasal flaring and retractions indicate increased work of breathing. Periodic breathing is not unusual in infants therefore, you may have to spend more time observing the infant’s breathing to determine true bradypnea or tachypnea. The clinician must be aware of normal respiratory ranges by age:Ī respiratory rate that is consistently below 10 or above 60 breaths per minute indicates a problem that needs immediate attention. The child’s respiratory rate is an important assessment that should be made early in the primary assessment process. Cricothyrotomy in which a surgical opening is made into the trachea.Foreign body removal if one can be visualized.Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). ![]() The jaw thrust maneuver is preferred when a cervical spine injury is suspected or cannot be ruled out.Īdvanced interventions for maintaining a patent airway may include: Head tilt-chin lift and jaw thrust may be used to open the airway quickly and without the use of an advanced airway. Use the Primary Assessment to evaluate the child using vital signs and an ABCDE model: Signs of bleeding, burns, trauma, petechiae, and purpura Stridor, grunting, wheezing, rales, rhonchiĪlert – Awake, active, responsive to parents (normal) Nasal flaring, head bobbing, seesaw respirations, retractions Immediate respiratory intervention required Keep airway open using advanced interventionsĦ0 = Abnormal (apnea, bradypnea, tachypnea) Obstructed and cannot be opened with simple interventions ![]() Observe for movement of the chest or abdomen Listen to the chest for breath sounds If at any time a condition is determined to be life-threatening, intervene immediately. During evaluation, conduct the primary assessment, secondary assessment, and diagnostic tests.
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